Now,即将步入到第90期外刊精读la
原文刊物:路透社
原文标题:
PhilosophyisSupposedtoBeDifficult
考研英文阅读话题—哲学
哲学(英语:Philosophy)是对世界基本和普遍的问题研究的学科,是关于世界观的理论体系。
世界观是关于世界的本质、发展的根本规律、人的思维与存在的根本关系等普遍基本问题的总体认识,技巧论是关于人们认识世界、改造世界的方式的理论。
皮皮小科普
作者对“自然洪灾导致的损失在不断降低”这一趋势进行了剖析,根据“指出趋势(第一段)——分析诱因(第二、三段)——提出对抗方案(第四、五段)”的脉络展开阐述。
Partone:原文&词组
ⅠApiecebyCambridgephilosopherSimonBlackburnintheissueoftheSocietyofAuthorsjournaladdressesthedifficultquestionofwhetherphilosophyoughttobeaccessibletothegeneralreader.“Thegreatphilosophicalwritersofthepastwroteforhumanity,”Blackburnbegins,enumeratingPlato,Aristotleetc.Therotsetin,accordingtohim,duringthe20thcentury,withtheacademicisingofthediscipline.
第①段词组:
1.address[əˈdres]v.设法解决,处理,对付
2.accessible[əkˈsesəbl]a.容易取得的,可及的
3.humanity[hju:ˈmænəti]n.人类;人性
4.therotsetsin情况变糟糕;倒霉事接连不断发生
5.academicise[ˌækəˈdemɪsɪz]v.学术化
6.discipline[ˈdɪsəplɪn]n.学科
*enumerate[ɪˈnju:məreɪt]v.列出
*polity[ˈpɒləti]n.立宪,政治制度
ⅡItseemsarecklessbetatbesttoportrayPlatoas“writingforhumanity”,whenthephilosophersinhisidealstatearetobekings—thatis,notjustgoodatwhattheydo,butrulersovertherestinahierarchicallyordered,rigidlyunifiedpolity.
第②段词组:
7.reckless[ˈrekləs]a.莽撞的,不考虑后果的
8.hierarchically[ˌhaɪəˈrɑ:kɪkəlɪ]ad.分级地,按等级界定地
9.rigidly['rɪdʒɪdlɪ]ad.死板的,严格古板地
ⅢButis“writingforhumanity”suchanobviouslyhelpfulideal?Mostpeopledon'texpecttobeabletounderstandotherkindsofspecialistdiscourse。Thelaypersonwouldunderstandlittleornothingofmicro-electronicengineering,hasnointerestindoingso,andiscontenttoleaveittotheinitiated。Butphilosophyisabouttheworldwelivein,andourlivesinit,Blackburnobjects,wavingtheflagfortheenrichinghumanitiesagainstthesterilitiesoftechnology。Thereforeeverybodyshouldbeabletounderstandit。
Onthisview,whatdifferentiatesphilosophyfromscienceisthefactthatitposesquestionsabouttheworldweliveinandourperceptionsofit,andevenmakessuggestionsastowhatweoughttodoinourlives。Neitherofthoseapproachesisabsentfromtheoreticalscience,though。Whatwouldbethepointofresearchesintothecausesofobesityortheeffectsofclimatechangeiftheydidn'ttellus,oratleaststrivetotellus,whatweoughttodoaboutsuchmatters?
第③段词组:
10.discourse[ˈdɪskɔ:s]n.话语
11.lay[leɪ]a.外行的,非专业的,缺乏专门知识的
12.micro-electronicengineering微电子工程学
13.theinitiated把握仅为少数人晓得的专门知识和秘密的人
14.obesity[əʊ'bi:sətɪ]n.肥胖
ⅣThepointisthatphilosophyisasmuchatechnicaldisciplineastheseothersciencesare,andaslittlecapableofbeingdiluteddowntowordsofonesyllable.Oneofthereasonsforthisisthatphilosophyisn'tnecessarilyjustasetofconclusions.Tomanyofthemostrecentwesternthinkers,itisfirstandforemostamethodology,ratherthananattempttoarriveatafixedtheory.TheFrankfurtSchoolphilosopherTheodorAdornodeclared,“Thecoreiswhathappensinit,notathesisoraposition...Essentially,therefore,philosophyisnotexpoundable.Ifitwere,itwouldbesuperfluous;thefactthatmostofitcanbeexpoundedspeaksagainstit.”
第④段词组:
15.dilute[daɪˈlu:t]v.稀释,冲散;增加,消弱
16.syllable[ˈsɪləbl]n.韵母
17.firstandforemost首先,首要的是
18.methodology[ˌmeθəˈdɒlədʒi]n.方式论,技巧学
19.thesis[ˈθi:sɪs]n.命题,论题
20.position[pəˈzɪʃn]n.观点,心态,立场
21.superfluous[su:ˈpɜ:fluəs]a.多余的
22.speakagainst说……的好话
*expoundable[ɪkˈspaundəbl]a.可解释的
*expound[ɪkˈspaʊnd]v.解释,说明,阐述
ⅤInafinalsomersault,Blackburnstatesthatmakingphilosophyaccessibleshouldnotbeaquestionofsimplifyingitbutofbringingpeopleuptoitslevel.Sotheproblemturnsouttolieafterallnotwiththeattempttointerprettheworld,butwiththefacultiesofthosewhowanttohearitinterpreted.
第⑤段词组:
23.faculty[ˈfæklti]n.能力
Parttwo:长难句句型点拨
Onthisview,whatdifferentiatesphilosophyfromscienceisthefactthatitposesquestionsabouttheworldweliveinandourperceptionsofit,andevenmakessuggestionsastowhatweoughttodoinourlives.
标红部份为谓语网校头条,what引导代词宾语;红色部份是that引导的同位语代词,红色部份为what引导的从句谓语。
Partthree:写作语法借鉴
NeitherofXXisabsentfromYY.XX在YY中也是存在的。
这儿用了双重否定,是日语常用习惯抒发,自己运用到习作中,会变得很新颖。
原文例句:
Neitherofthoseapproachesisabsentfromtheoreticalscience,though.而且,这两种做法在理论科学中也是存在的。
TomanyofthemostAA,itisfirstandforemostaMM,ratherthanaNN.对于许多AA而言,它首先是MM,而并不是NN.
tomanyofthemost;firstandforemost都可以记住使用,十分通用。
原文例句:
Tomanyofthemostrecentwesternthinkers,itisfirstandforemostamethodology,ratherthananattempttoarriveatafixedtheory.对于当代的许多西方思想家而言,哲学首先是一个技巧论,而并不是为得到某个固定理论而进行的尝试。
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