expound 考研英文【题源外刊】第90期:哲学不应大众化

艺考动态2024-02-05 15:09:10佚名

Now,即将步入到第90期外刊精读la

原文刊物:路透社

原文标题:

PhilosophyisSupposedtoBeDifficult

考研英文阅读话题—哲学

哲学(英语:Philosophy)是对世界基本和普遍的问题研究的学科,是关于世界观的理论体系。

世界观是关于世界的本质、发展的根本规律、人的思维与存在的根本关系等普遍基本问题的总体认识,技巧论是关于人们认识世界、改造世界的方式的理论。

皮皮小科普

作者对“自然洪灾导致的损失在不断降低”这一趋势进行了剖析,根据“指出趋势(第一段)——分析诱因(第二、三段)——提出对抗方案(第四、五段)”的脉络展开阐述。

Partone:原文&词组

ⅠApiecebyCambridgephilosopherSimonBlackburnintheissueoftheSocietyofAuthorsjournaladdressesthedifficultquestionofwhetherphilosophyoughttobeaccessibletothegeneralreader.“Thegreatphilosophicalwritersofthepastwroteforhumanity,”Blackburnbegins,enumeratingPlato,Aristotleetc.Therotsetin,accordingtohim,duringthe20thcentury,withtheacademicisingofthediscipline.

expound_expound_expoundedon

第①段词组:

1.address[əˈdres]v.设法解决,处理,对付

2.accessible[əkˈsesəbl]a.容易取得的,可及的

3.humanity[hju:ˈmænəti]n.人类;人性

4.therotsetsin情况变糟糕;倒霉事接连不断发生

5.academicise[ˌækəˈdemɪsɪz]v.学术化

6.discipline[ˈdɪsəplɪn]n.学科

*enumerate[ɪˈnju:məreɪt]v.列出

*polity[ˈpɒləti]n.立宪,政治制度

ⅡItseemsarecklessbetatbesttoportrayPlatoas“writingforhumanity”,whenthephilosophersinhisidealstatearetobekings—thatis,notjustgoodatwhattheydo,butrulersovertherestinahierarchicallyordered,rigidlyunifiedpolity.

第②段词组:

expound_expound_expoundedon

7.reckless[ˈrekləs]a.莽撞的,不考虑后果的

8.hierarchically[ˌhaɪəˈrɑ:kɪkəlɪ]ad.分级地,按等级界定地

9.rigidly['rɪdʒɪdlɪ]ad.死板的,严格古板地

ⅢButis“writingforhumanity”suchanobviouslyhelpfulideal?Mostpeopledon'texpecttobeabletounderstandotherkindsofspecialistdiscourse。Thelaypersonwouldunderstandlittleornothingofmicro-electronicengineering,hasnointerestindoingso,andiscontenttoleaveittotheinitiated。Butphilosophyisabouttheworldwelivein,andourlivesinit,Blackburnobjects,wavingtheflagfortheenrichinghumanitiesagainstthesterilitiesoftechnology。Thereforeeverybodyshouldbeabletounderstandit。

Onthisview,whatdifferentiatesphilosophyfromscienceisthefactthatitposesquestionsabouttheworldweliveinandourperceptionsofit,andevenmakessuggestionsastowhatweoughttodoinourlives。Neitherofthoseapproachesisabsentfromtheoreticalscience,though。Whatwouldbethepointofresearchesintothecausesofobesityortheeffectsofclimatechangeiftheydidn'ttellus,oratleaststrivetotellus,whatweoughttodoaboutsuchmatters?

第③段词组:

10.discourse[ˈdɪskɔ:s]n.话语

11.lay[leɪ]a.外行的,非专业的,缺乏专门知识的

12.micro-electronicengineering微电子工程学

13.theinitiated把握仅为少数人晓得的专门知识和秘密的人

14.obesity[əʊ'bi:sətɪ]n.肥胖

ⅣThepointisthatphilosophyisasmuchatechnicaldisciplineastheseothersciencesare,andaslittlecapableofbeingdiluteddowntowordsofonesyllable.Oneofthereasonsforthisisthatphilosophyisn'tnecessarilyjustasetofconclusions.Tomanyofthemostrecentwesternthinkers,itisfirstandforemostamethodology,ratherthananattempttoarriveatafixedtheory.TheFrankfurtSchoolphilosopherTheodorAdornodeclared,“Thecoreiswhathappensinit,notathesisoraposition...Essentially,therefore,philosophyisnotexpoundable.Ifitwere,itwouldbesuperfluous;thefactthatmostofitcanbeexpoundedspeaksagainstit.”

expoundedon_expound_expound

第④段词组:

15.dilute[daɪˈlu:t]v.稀释,冲散;增加,消弱

16.syllable[ˈsɪləbl]n.韵母

17.firstandforemost首先,首要的是

18.methodology[ˌmeθəˈdɒlədʒi]n.方式论,技巧学

19.thesis[ˈθi:sɪs]n.命题,论题

20.position[pəˈzɪʃn]n.观点,心态,立场

21.superfluous[su:ˈpɜ:fluəs]a.多余的

22.speakagainst说……的好话

*expoundable[ɪkˈspaundəbl]a.可解释的

*expound[ɪkˈspaʊnd]v.解释,说明,阐述

ⅤInafinalsomersault,Blackburnstatesthatmakingphilosophyaccessibleshouldnotbeaquestionofsimplifyingitbutofbringingpeopleuptoitslevel.Sotheproblemturnsouttolieafterallnotwiththeattempttointerprettheworld,butwiththefacultiesofthosewhowanttohearitinterpreted.

第⑤段词组:

23.faculty[ˈfæklti]n.能力

Parttwo:长难句句型点拨

Onthisview,whatdifferentiatesphilosophyfromscienceisthefactthatitposesquestionsabouttheworldweliveinandourperceptionsofit,andevenmakessuggestionsastowhatweoughttodoinourlives.

标红部份为谓语网校头条,what引导代词宾语;红色部份是that引导的同位语代词,红色部份为what引导的从句谓语。

Partthree:写作语法借鉴

NeitherofXXisabsentfromYY.XX在YY中也是存在的。

这儿用了双重否定,是日语常用习惯抒发,自己运用到习作中,会变得很新颖。

原文例句:

Neitherofthoseapproachesisabsentfromtheoreticalscience,though.而且,这两种做法在理论科学中也是存在的。

TomanyofthemostAA,itisfirstandforemostaMM,ratherthanaNN.对于许多AA而言,它首先是MM,而并不是NN.

tomanyofthemost;firstandforemost都可以记住使用,十分通用。

原文例句:

Tomanyofthemostrecentwesternthinkers,itisfirstandforemostamethodology,ratherthananattempttoarriveatafixedtheory.对于当代的许多西方思想家而言,哲学首先是一个技巧论,而并不是为得到某个固定理论而进行的尝试。

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